Corporal Punishment What Are We Teaching Our Kids Essay

Research done by leading pediatricians, the American Psychological Association, and countless other sources since the 1960’s have completely revolutionized parenting and fundamentally changed how parents raise their kids. From a child’s nutrition to what your kids should watch on TV have been extensively studied, but none other more than corporal punishment as a means of discipline. Arguably one of the most difficult things any parent has to face when raising a child is discipline. Many parents, whether having their first child or already raising a family, often ask themselves: is corporal punishment an acceptable form of discipline and what effect could it have on my child? Like Dr. Spock wrote in his parenting guide, â€Å"The best test of a†¦show more content†¦Although sometimes a slap on the hand or a firm open palm slap on the behind is necessary, it’s more important that the child understand why they are being disciplined. Corporal punishment can sometimes be a part of discipline, but it is not the cure to all situations and definitely not the only part of the solution. Just like the scripture reads, â€Å"A rebuke works deeper in one having understanding than striking a stupid one a hundred times† Prov 17:10 (New World Translation). While physically punishing a misbehaving child brings instant results by making the child complacent, the overall effect on the child is actually more negative. The child understands their actions caused them to get punished but this doesn’t actually teach the child a reason for behaving correctly, only that they did something wrong. Furthermore, it encourages aggression and violence because it models aggression and violence. â€Å"Spanking or slapping a child is an act of violence, just as slapping a wife is an act of violence† (Straus Donnelly, 2001, p. XiX). I’ll elaborate by expanding on a scenario discussed in my English class of two siblings, an older brother and a younger sister. The siblings are playing together with one toy, when the girl decides to take the toy and play with it by herself. The boy attempts to take the toy back but the sister refuses; upset by this, he slaps his sisterShow MoreRelated Corporal Punishment Essay528 Words   |  3 Pages Using corporal punishment in schools is not benefiting our children. In fact, it may be hurting our children more than helping them, and teaching them the wrong way to deal with their problems. I feel that discipline starts at home, and should not be left for the schools to handle. Corporal punishment may do more harm than good. It quot;has no positive effects that we know ofquot; (Keeshan 67). It may stop the unruly behavior temporarily, but it does not treat the underlying causes (KeeshanRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is Defined As The Utilization Of Physical Force1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the utilization of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, yet not harm, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior. Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China andRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China and JapanRead MoreNegative Effects Of Corporal Punishment1843 Words   |  8 Pagesas scenarios such as this become more talked about. Some say corporal punishment is damaging psychologically and negatively impacts childhood development. So the question has to be asked: â€Å"Is spanking bad?† Corporal Punishment of Children: Changing the Culture† by David Isaacs was published in 2011 in the Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, which briefly describes the history and societal influences of spanking. Corporal punishment has long since been a part of human culture. â€Å"There is a longRead More We Must Put an End to Corporal Punishment Essay2377 Words   |  10 Pagesmany children she didnt know what to do She gave them some broth, Without any bread Whipped them all soundly, and sent them to bed (Mother Goose).    All across American households, adults whip, spank, paddle, and swat children as a form of acceptable punishment and as deterrent to unwanted behaviors. These actions are considered corporal punishment, and can be defined numerous ways. The American Public Health Association defines corporal punishment as the infliction of bodilyRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children1860 Words   |  8 PagesReading/Writing L9 17 March 2015 Corporal Punishment by Spanking in Children Corporal punishment is hared way for children. According to Carol Bower, in the article Positive Discipline and a Ban on Corporal Punishment Will Help Stop Cycles of Violence. parents rely on corporal punishment on their children because violence is an acceptable way to solve problems. â€Å"The data showed that 57% of parents with children under 18 used corporal punishment, and 33% used severe corporal punishment in the form of beatings†Read More Corporal Punishment of Children Should be Banned Essay2475 Words   |  10 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior (A Report 18). In America, parents use of corporal punishment in homes have been defined legally by the states as â€Å"encompassing ‘reasonable’ force with some states adding qualifiers that it must also be ‘appropriateà ¢â‚¬â„¢ (AL, AK, AZ, CA, CC), ‘moderate’ (AR, DE, SC, SD), or ‘necessary’ (MT,Read MoreThe Effectiveness of the Juvenile Justice System Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effectiveness of the Juvenile Justice System The American juvenile justice system was designed over 100 years ago to reform kids who were found guilty of minor crimes such as petty theft and truancy. Today, the system is becoming overwhelmed by crimes of violence. Stealing and skipping school have been replaced by rape and murder. The juvenile justice system was never meant to deal with these kinds of problems. Juvenile delinquency describes the antisocial behavior of many differentRead MoreEducating The Teenager - Original Writing Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesthese kids have lived here all their lives. Everyone knows everyone else. The cliques have been established and you don’t belong, don’t fit in. It’s difficult to concentrate on academics when your environment is strained. You make it through the ninth grade, tenth grade, but nothing has really changed. It’s easier to quit school and get a job. At least then you’ll get paid for all the time you put in. Who care’s anyway? WHAT IS EDUCATION? Education is a tool to assist us in learning to our utmostRead More It’s Time to Put an End to Corporal Punishment in Schools Essay1986 Words   |  8 PagesIt’s Time to Put an End to Corporal Punishment in Schools Seven countries-Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus- have laws making it illegal for parents to use physical punishment on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in all the countries in Europe, South and Central America, China and Japan. The United States has outlawed corporal punishment from our prisons as cruel and inhumane treatment, as well as wife-beating, once thought to be the right

A necessary Evil Free Essays

I am completely against the proliferation of supermax prisons. Despite the fact that these people who are put in there are put with a reason I still think that this is not a final solution but instead it is a beginning of a bigger problem. The fact that these prisoners will one day be set free and come to join us is actually threatening after looking at the effects these super max prisons have on the victims. We will write a custom essay sample on A necessary Evil or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will want to discuss the effects of these as analyzed in `A Necessary Evil? ` By Vince Beiser These super max prisons are turning prisoners into mental cases; the set up of these prisons is very different in terms of isolation and activities. Unlike other prisons including Maximum security prisons where inmates can play basketball, work in the laundry room or in the dining room, the super max prison one can hardly take in to any activity, there aren’t any jobs, nothing educational. You are left alone and there is no human contact! One is locked in a room of 8 – by – 10 foot almost the whole time. One can not even see other prisoners or the prison guards. It is truly a cage of isolation. These places are meant for those prisoners who commit crimes while in prison and therefore can be as ‘prison in prison’ When one is left in such isolation for a long period, a lot of things are likely to happen affecting especially the psychology of the victim. ‘Psychiatrists, activists and some correctional officials say the intense isolation of supermaxes is producing prisoners who are uncontrollably furious and sometimes violently deranged. Most of those Prisoners will one day be set free. In the past three years, in fact, Nearly 1,000 California SHU inmates at the end of their sentences were moved to less-restrictive prisons for just a few weeks, and then released’. As seen from Dr. Stuart study of effects of solitary confinement for a period longer than two decades, the examination was on more than one hundred super max prisons and his conclusion was: super max can literally drive inmates crazy. The fact that there are many cases of people who never suffered psychiatric illnesses but once they went through super max prisons they developed such illness. This is enough good prove that these institutions are doing more harm than good. People going through these institutions are expected to come out worse than they were in the beginning. Dr Terry Kupers, a psychiatrist based in Oakland who has many years of experience in prison work had this to say â€Å"I’ve almost never seen self-mutilation among adult males anywhere else, but it’s very common in SHUs.† At the landmark Madrid v. Gomez federal trial in 1995 over conditions at Pelican Bay, even the prison’s senior staff psychologist acknowledged seeing psychiatric deterioration among some SHU prisoners. There are problems faced and experienced by the prison in the super max prisons such as hypersensitivity to external stimuli, paranoia and sometimes hallucinations. Prisoners some time develop panic attacks, hostile fantasies involving revenge, torture, mutulatuion and outbursts. This at times gets to higher extents and the prisoner can even gorge out their eyes, they can bite chucks of their own flesh†¦ The speech of one prisoner featured is â€Å"Matthew Lowe’ he confesses that in his years at the super max prison he only had a chance to speak to five or six people in the whole period of three years. He says that he just sat there and thought of doing something crazy all the time. He has known that since then he has become paranoid and jumpy; ‘†So many times I’ve come so close to snapping since I got out,† he says. â€Å"One time in a store, someone cut in front of me in line—a 50-year-old guy, I don’t think he even realized it. I had to catch myself, because my first thought was just to smash him.† An interview conducted to the other prisoners of the regular prisons support the fact that those in the supermax prisons are getting damaged psychologically was by Dr. Grassian. Almost all the inmates interviewed including one correctional officer admiited that other prisoners suffer serious mental deterioration in the SHU; they could be heard screaming, banging on doors cutting themselves. How to cite A necessary Evil, Papers

Environmental Factor and Nightingale’s Theory †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Factor and Nightingales Theory. Answer: Environment is the most widely talked about aspect in Nightingales theory. Environmental factors discussed in Nightingales theory include clean air and ventilation, warmth, noise, light, architecture, and cleanliness (Nightingale, 1860). Nightingale (1860) emphasized mostly on the fact that without clean, pure, warm air, a patient will probably never get better. She emphasizes that if the nurse could only do one thing, she or he should forget everything else and KEEP THE AIR HE [the patient] Breathes As Pure As The External Air, Without Chilling Him (Nightingale, 1860). Nightingale (1860) also expounds upon the idea that Unnecessary noise, or noise that creates an expectation in the mind, is that which hurts a patient. This noise could be construction workers outside, or a whispering conversation between a nurse and a doctor (Nightingale, 1860). Nightingale describes light as a key component of life. She illustrates that if you put a withering plant or human being in the sun, and they are not too far gone, they will revive (Nightingale, 1860). Nightingale (1860) even eludes to the fact that bad architecture can make it hard to the nurse. She also justifies that a clean room, bed, and clothing is imperative for the recovery of the patient (Nightingale, 1860). Nursing is addressed in Nightingales theory in that she states that nurses must put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him (Nightingale, 1860). Nightingales theory still applies to nursing today . In hospitals today, there is usually a window in the room to let sunlight in. Natural sunlight may decrease the amount of stress, anxiety, and perception of pain felt by patients, it may even go as far as decreasing the amount of time in hospitals (Joseph, 2006, p. 5-6). In addition to this, cleanliness is of utmost importance. In hospitals today, every room is thoroughly cleaned and bed sheets are removed and replaced with clean ones before the next patient is brought in. Without this thorough cleaning, patients may develop HAIs more frequently (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2014, p. 1). Adequate ventilation is also important to help the patients recovery. Several studies have shown that adequate ventilation reduces the number of signs and symptoms of diseases caused by certain airborne disease causing organisms (Urlich, Zimring, Quan, Joseph, Choudhary, 2004, p. 4). One way to provide adequate ventilation is to open a window, unless contraindicated, and make sure the staff maintains the buildings ventilation and cleans filters. One problem that may arise from inadequate ventilation in a hospital or any building, is sick building syndrome (Urlich et al., 2004, p. 4). Sick building syndrome can produce signs and symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, a cough, difficulty in concentration, fatigue and other signs and symptoms (Joshi, 2008). Although hospitals are usually cold, Nightingales idea of warmth is still applied today. When patients are cold, a warm blanket, from a blanket warmer is usually given to them, unless contraindicated. As well, there are heaters in hospitals to maintain a constant temperature during winter months if the location of the hospital is in an area that receives cold weather. Reference Circ.ahajournals.org. (2017). Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://circ.ahajournals.org/content/circulationaha/early/2013/06/21/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.*****7.full.pdf Effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov. (2017). Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/ehc/items/592/1951/medicinal services contaminations convention 140825.pdf Federal Register of Legislation. (2017).Legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/ Healthdesign.org. (2017). Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://www.healthdesign.org/destinations/default/documents/Role%20Physical%20Environ%20in%20the%20 Healthdesign.org. (2017). Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://www.healthdesign.org/destinations/default/documents/CHD_Issue_Paper2.pdf https://www.healthdesign.org/destinations/default/documents/Role%20Physical%20Environ%20in%20the%20 Humanrights.gov.au. (2017).Social determinants and the health of Indigenous peoples in Australia a human rights based approach | Australian Human Rights Commission.Humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/social-determinants-and-health-indigenous-peoples-australia-human-rights-based Joseph, A. (2006). The Impact of Light on Outcomes in Healthcare Settings. Recovered fromhttps://www.healthdesign.org/destinations/default/documents/CHD_Issue_Paper2.pdf Natsihwa.org.au. (2017). Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://www.natsihwa.org.au/sites/default/files/publications/NATSIHWA-Cultural%20Safety-Framework%20Summary Office for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2014). Ecological Cleaning for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI). Recovered from https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/ehc/items/592/1951/medicinal services contaminations convention 140825.pdf Rheumatic heart disease. (2017).Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/rheumatic-heart-disease Songbird, F. (1860). "Notes On Nursing: what it is, and what it isn't". Recovered https://digital.library.upenn.edu/ladies/songbird/nursing/nursing.html#V Nightingale, F. (1860). Notes On Nursing: what it is, and what it is not. Retrieved https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/nightingale/nursing/nursing.html#V

The Future of Technology and Social Networking Essay Example For Students

The Future of Technology and Social Networking Essay Adam Ostrow is a new media entrepreneur and commentator of the twenty first century. One of the main titles that Ostrow holds is being the editor in chief of Mashable.com, one of the most-read independent news sites in the world, covering the latest technologies, trends and individuals that are driving the current evolution of the web. Since joining Mashable in 2007, Ostrow has contributed more than 2,500 articles. Under his direction, Mashable has grown more than tenfold to 13 million visitors per month with more than 3. 6 million followers across social media sites. Notably, Ostrow has been quoted in popular media outlets such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, USA Today and The Times of London, among many others. In addition to his internet popularity, he is a frequent guest on CNN, Bloomberg and NPR. Ostrow is also a highly sought after speaker and has made presentations at TED Global, CES, SXSW Interactive and Harvard Business School. Adam is a graduate of the University of Maryland where he received his degree in journalism and was awarded Most Outstanding Senior in the school’s prestigious Hinman CEOs program. In today’s society, the media is constantly promoting social networking websites and the glory of having such technology. We will write a custom essay on The Future of Technology and Social Networking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now If you are watching entertainment news, or national news, the media references social networking to enhance their stories creditability. Whether someone wrote on their blog, tweeted, or posted a status update on Facebook, the media grabs ahold of the information and uses it as a source. In a world driven by the latest technology, it becomes only natural for people to question what will happen to their blog or webpage when they pass away. For the occasion of the spe. .ile presenting his speech. He does not lean too much to one side of tug on his clothes. Ostrow walks around and uses good hand gestures to put on particular parts of his speech. I believe Ostrow’s strong use of ethos and MMS paved a way for an extremely effective speech. Works CitedHenning, Martha L. Friendly Persuasion: Classical RhetoricNow! Draft Manuscript. August, 1998. http://www.millikin.edu/wcenter/workshop7b.html Berry, Mike. Persuasive Speaking/Monroes Motivated Sequence. San Juan Unified School District. Mike Berry. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. http://www.sanjuan. edu/webpages/mikeberry/speech.cfm?subpage=66682 iCloud Your Content. On All Your Devices. Apple. Apple Inc., 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. http://www.apple.com/icloud/ Adam Ostrow: After Your Final Status Update http://www. ted.com/talks/lang/en/adam_ostrow_after_your_final_status_update.html

Literature Search Essay Sample - Great Resources For Your Essay

Literature Search Essay Sample - Great Resources For Your EssayA literature search essay sample is a write-up that has been written by students from the different universities all over the world. It is designed to serve as an essay sample for the admissions counselors or hiring managers for the different jobs.You will find this kind of essay samples in many subjects, including medicine, computer science, engineering, and so on. With this, you do not have to worry about your language skills because the writing style has been done by some of the best writers from all over the world. This is one of the most affordable ways for people to get an admission into the right school and it is affordable compared to the other essay samples.With this, you can be assured that the good essay will never fail to score well. When you want to do the writing for the different jobs, then you need to have good essay writing skills. Even if you are the president of the class, you still need to work hard in order to make sure that your essays will be read by the admissions officers of the different colleges and universities.The most important thing that you have to keep in mind when choosing the literature search essay samples is that it must be easy to read and write. After all, this is the essay that the colleges or universities are going to take a look at in order to choose who gets the admission to the school. You also have to make sure that you have a great grammar as well as spelling skills because it is going to be the paper that you will give to the admissions officers.However, this type of writing is not that difficult to do because you do not have to spend too much time and effort when you are choosing the literature search essay samples. You only have to do research on the topic, then choose the option that you think is best for your write-up.There are times when you need to use the different essay topics and strategies in order to write a good essay that will be acceptable to the admissions officers of the different institutions. In fact, there are many books that are available for people to read on the topic. This is one of the best options to get the help from the expert writers.It is important to always remember that you should be able to master the knowledge and skills in order to succeed in the writing for the different topics that you will encounter in the future. If you want to get into the right college, then you have to master all the knowledge and skills that you need to master. In fact, you do not have to worry about the topic that you will choose because there are experts who have already chosen the topic for the students to choose for their essays.A literature search essay sample is a good option for students who want to get into the right school. By using this type of essay sample, you can be assured that your essay will be the best because the writers from the different universities are experts in the field.

History of LEGO -- Everyones Favorite Building Blocks

History of LEGO Everyone's Favorite Building Blocks The small, colorful bricks that encourage a childs imagination with their multitude of building possibilities have spawned two movies and Legoland theme parks. But more than that, these simple building blocks keep children as young as 5 engaged in creating castles, towns and space stations and anything else their creative minds can think of. This is the epitome of the educational toy wrapped up in fun. These attributes have made LEGO an icon in the toy world. Beginnings The company that makes these famous interlocking bricks started as a small shop in Billund, Denmark. The company was established in 1932 by master carpenter Ole Kirk Christiansen, who was aided by his 12-year-old son Godtfred Kirk Christiansen. It made wooden toys, stepladders, and ironing boards. It wasnt until two years later that the business took the name of LEGO, which came from the Danish words LEg GOdt, meaning play well. Over the next several years, the company grew exponentially. From just a handful of employees in the early years, LEGO had grown to 50 employees by 1948. The product line had grown as well, with the addition of a LEGO duck, clothes hangers, a Numskull Jack on the goat, a plastic ball for babies and some wooden blocks. In 1947, the company made a huge purchase that was to transform the company and make it world-famous and a household name. In that year, LEGO bought a plastic injection-molding machine, which could mass produce plastic toys. By 1949, LEGO was using this machine to produce about 200 different kinds of toys, which included automatic binding bricks, a plastic fish and a plastic sailor. The automatic binding bricks were the predecessors of the LEGO toys of today. Birth of the LEGO Brick In 1953, the automatic binding bricks were renamed LEGO bricks. In 1957, the interlocking principle of LEGO bricks was born, and in 1958, the stud-and-coupling system was patented, which adds significant stability to built pieces. And this  transformed them into the LEGO bricks we know today. Also in 1958, Ole Kirk Christiansen passed away and his son Godtfred became head of the LEGO company. By the early 1960s, LEGO had gone international, with sales in Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Germany, and Lebanon. Over the next decade, LEGO toys were available in more countries, and they came to the United States in 1973. LEGO Sets In 1964, for the first time, consumers could buy LEGO sets, which included all the parts and instructions to build a particular model. In 1969, the DUPLO series, bigger blocks for smaller hands, was introduced for the 5-and-under set. LEGO later introduced themed lines of LEGO. They include town (1978), castle (1978), space (1979), pirates (1989), Western (1996), Star Wars (1999) and Harry Potter (2001). Figures with movable arms and legs were introduced in 1978. By 2015, LEGO toys were sold in more than 140 countries. Since the middle of the 20th century, these small plastic bricks have sparked the imagination of children around the world, and LEGO sets have a strong hold on their place at the top of the list of the worlds most popular toys.

US Government Study Guide to the Legislative Branch

US Government Study Guide to the Legislative Branch Before any bill is even debated by the full membership of the House or Senate, it must first successfully make its way the  congressional committee system. Depending on its subject and content, each proposed bill is sent to one or more related committees. For example, a bill introduced in the House allocating federal funds for agricultural research might be sent to the Agriculture, Appropriations, Ways and Means and Budget Committees, plus others as deemed appropriate by the Speaker of the House. In addition, both the House and Senate may also appoint special select committees to consider bills relating to specific issues.Representatives and Senators often try to be assigned to committees they feel best to serve the interests of their constituents. For example, a representative from a farming state like Iowa might seek assignment to the House Agriculture Committee. All representatives and senators are assigned to one or more committees and may serve on a variety of committees durin g their terms in office. The  congressional committee system  is the burial ground for many bills. The US House of Representatives Known as the lower house of the legislative branch, the House of Representatives currently has 435 members. Each member gets one vote on all bills, amendments and other measures brought before the House. The number of representatives elected from each state is determined by the states population through the process of apportionment. Each state must have at least one representative. Apportionment is recalculated every ten years according to the results of the decennial U.S. census. Members of the House represent the citizens of their local congressional districts. Representatives serve two-year terms, with elections held every two years. Qualifications As specified in Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, representatives: Must be least 25 years of ageMust have been a U.S. citizen for at least 7 yearsMust be a legal resident of the state he or she is elected to represent Powers Reserved to the House To vote on charges of impeachmentTo initiate bills involving the raising of revenue, such as tax bills and the annual appropriations (spending) bills of the annual federal budget House Leadership Speaker of the HouseMajority LeaderLeads the majority party (the party with the majority of votes in the House)Assists the Speaker of the House in making committee appointmentsSchedules floor debate on billsCreates and maintains the House agendaMinority LeaderLeads the opposition party (the party with the minority of votes in the House)Confers with the Majority LeaderFormulates minority party response to the majority party policy and agenda The US Senate Known as the upper house of the legislative branch, the Senate is currently comprised of 100 senators. Each state is allowed to elect two senators. Senators represent all citizens of their states. Senators serve 6-year terms, with one-third of the senators elected every two years. Qualifications As specified in Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution, senators: Must be at least 30 years of ageMust have been a U.S. citizen for at least nine years at the time of their election to the SenateMust be a legal resident of the state they are elected to represent Powers Reserved to the Senate To try officials impeached by the HouseTo confirm presidential nominations, including Supreme Court justices, federal judges, ambassadors and cabinet secretariesTo ratify treaties Senate Leadership The Vice President of the United States: Serves as president (presiding chairman) of the SenatePresident Pro tempore: Presides over the Senate in the absence of the vice president; Is selected by the majority partyMajority and Minority Leaders: Lead their respective party delegations; maintain the Senate agendaMajority and Minority Whips: Attempt to make sure party members vote for bills supported by their party.