Battle Analysis for Bull Run

The battle itself was fought on July 21st, 1861, though the Union Army began executing its movements to Virginia almost a week prior. The Civil War divided the states in simple terms of a Union north and a Confederate south, with a couple undecided states in the middle. The President of the Union was Abraham Lincoln and the Confederate President was Jefferson Davis. Months prior to Bull Run President Lincoln had appointed Brigadier General Irwin McDowell to command the Army of Northeastern Virginia. McDowell was a Mexican-American War veteran and West Point graduate. The commander of the Confederate Army of the Potomac was Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard, who was dubbed â€Å"The Hero of Sumter. † He was also commended for valor in the Mexican-American war and like McDowell, a graduate of West Point. The two were classmates at one point. Only months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter, the Northern public pressed to march and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, which could bring an early end to the war. Against his better judgment, BG McDowell yielded to the political pressure and on July 16, 1861, the general departed Washington with the largest field army yet gathered on the North American continent. The Confederates found themselves at a disadvantage in mass initially, and BG McDowell wanted to keep that advantage. He ordered Union MG Robert Pattersons Army to engage BG Joseph Johnstons Army in the Shenandoah Valley, about 50 miles northwest of Manassas. The Union objective was to overwhelm the Confederate forces with a distraction flank attack to the right and a swift surprise flank to the left. With the reinforcements choked off, BG McDowell’s ambitious plan would put his Army in the Confederate capital by the end of the day. The Confederates, however, had been planning to attack the Union left, and if the attack had gone as planned it might have led to a clockwise rotation of the forces. Hundreds of excited spectators in horse-drawn carriages flocked from Washington D. C. to Manassas to watch what they thought to be a speedy Union Army defeat the Confederacy. Both the spectators and the Union Army would leave Bull Run in a hectic retreat back to Washington D. C. Each force had two Armies, one to the east and one to the west. For the Union, BG McDowell commanded the 36,000 Army of Northeastern Virginia Union troops in the east. MG Patterson commanded the 18,000 troops in the west. Within BG McDowell’s Army of five divisions there were several elements that consisted of: The 11th, 13th, 14th, 38th, and 69th New York, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th Maine, the 1st Minnesota, the 5th and 11th Massachusetts, the 1st Michigan, the 1st Vermont, the 2nd Wisconsin, with Griffin and Ricketts Artillery Brigades. BG Beauregard’s Confederate Army of the Potomac consisted of 21,000 troops in the east. BG Johnston’s four Brigades of 12,800 troops were in the Shenandoah Valley to the west and were critical reinforcements. BG Beauregard’s force of six Brigades consisted of: The 2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 18th, 27th, 33rd, and 49th Virginia, the Hampton Legion, the 6th North Carolina, the 7th Georgia, the 4th Alabama, Stuart’s Calvary, Elzey Regiment, Early Regiment, and the 7th and 8th South Carolina. The weapon technology used was fairly similar for both sides. Both the Union and Confederate Army relied on simple single-shot Pattern 1853 Enfield Muskets for their infantrymen. The revolvers used by the Union were mainly the new Colt Army Model 1860, and the Confederates preferred the older Colt 1851 Navy Revolver. A variety of bayonets were also an integral part of the infantrymans gear. Typically, these were socket or ring bayonets, intended to be attached to the end of the musket or rifle, and not wielded separately like a knife. The Confederate Calvary would also employ a Sabre, which was a long, lightweight single-edged slashing sword. Field Artillery also played an important role for both sides. The Union used 10-30 pound Parrott Rifles, 12 pound Napoleon smoothbores, 12 pound Howitzers, and 13 pound James Rifles. The Confederates had 6 pound guns, 6 pound rifles, 12 pound Howitzer, 10 pound Parrott Rifles, and 6 pound Cadet Guns. Both Generals had planned offensives. Much of the intelligence was concentrated on reporting the mass of the opposing forces rather than each other’s strategy. BG McDowell wanted a concentrated attack on the Confederate left flank, while BG Beauregard had planned to strike the Union left flank. From Washington D. C. the Union troops had marched southwest into Virginia, and it was at Centreville on July 20th, that BG McDowell decided to rest his weary, overheated troops and concentrate his forces. The same day, BG Johnston’s troops to the west in the Shenandoah Valley received word of the Union advances and they immediate slipped away to reinforce BG Beauregard. He never met MG Patterson’s forces. An hour after BG Johnston’s departure, MG Patterson wired BG McDowell saying he had managed to keep BG Johnston’s Army in the Shenandoah. Shortly after entering Centreville on the 20th, BG Tyler would disobey his orders and send his troops to attack the Confederate front along Bull Run. The attack was easily repulsed. With the Confederate troops dug in across the bank of Bull Run, and the majority of BG Beauregard’s force were behind them. The Union troops marched from Centreville at 0230 on July 21st. BG Tyler was ordered to initiate a diversion to the northwest at Stony Bridge at 0600. The diversion was quickly crushed by COL Evan’s Confederate forces and the feign fails. At 0830 the bayonets of McDowell’s flanking troops were spotted by one of COL Evan’s soldiers and he was warned of the Union plan to flank him. BG McDowell’s troops continued on to the left down bad roads, which would destroy his timeframe to ford Bull Run at Sudley Springs. COL Heinzelman’s Union division also missed the trail at Poplar Ford, and they were forced to stack up behind COL Hunter’s division also fording at Sudley Springs, further downstream. They arrived there at 0930, hours behind schedule.

Conflict in Sierra Leone -Research Paper- Research Paper

Conflict in Sierra Leone - - - Research Paper Example The role of MNC’s and FDI in both developing and developed countries cannot be disputed; however, they have a participatory and perpetuating role in the conflicts within mineral rich regions of the world, such as Sierra Leone. The Role of Multinational Corporations in the Sierra Leone Conflict Introduction Natural resources have been a very critical source of national wealth and pride since the beginning of regionalization and the pre-colonization era. Nations and civilizations alike have gone to war – both internally and externally – for the sole occupation over and exploitation of natural resources. Under the modern globalized trading environment, countries endowed with natural resources ranging from minerals, oil, wildlife, gas and so forth have been able to accrue revenues from exploration and trade of said minerals with other countries of the world. Foreign exchange earned from the legitimate trade in the resources has been a critical drive for economic deve lopment providing employment and revenues to governments for the provision of essential public services including education, infrastructure and national security. Another significant impact of the globalization of trade and production, as well as the relative ease of mobility of capital compared to labor, is the emergence of business entities that are operated across borders, regions and continents but have a central office in the homeland from where all its global management is conducted. Such entities are often referred to as multinational or transnational corporations or enterprises (Garry & Litan, 1998). A more direct definition of multinational corporations (MNCs) would perhaps best be obtained by linking the business organization to the type of trade that it is involved in. Therefore, this being the case, a multinational corporation is a firm that has created a global presence by participating in direct foreign investments, in specific or several industries. Such global â€⠀œ often private – firms and international institutions are presently observed to be primary actors and vital agents for the transformation of the state, region and international political, social and economic environment. The question, therefore, is: How do MNCs develop ties with government, if such ties even exist? In an ever increasing competitive landscape, countries of all levels of development –particularly through their governments – are emphasizing policies and channeling resources into new ways of attracting foreign direct investments into their countries. This is in line with the high prioritization of both micro and macroeconomic goals including sustained high levels of economic growth, stability of inflation and foreign exchange, increased employment and improved standards of living for the total population. Multinational corporations play a significant role in the efficiency and growth of the economy by contributing to the availability of capital re sources for global investment purposes (Held & McGrew, 2007). Sierra Leone is located at the south-western part of West Africa between the seventh and tenth latitudinal parallels north of the Equator. It has a land mass measuring approximately 71,740 square kilometers and a total coastline of 402 kilometers (www.nationsencyclopedia.com, 2012). It is most difficult to measure the exact population in Sierra Leone due to the long and deadly civil war that mushroomed since 1991, stretching to the early

Human resources and Development Management ( Short Proposal) China Coursework

Human resources and Development Management ( Short Proposal) China - Coursework Example knowledge and advice of their foreign investors and business partners, China was made to realise that child labor is a form of abuse and it must be prohibited by the law (Schmitz, Traver, and Larson 2004). However, just last year (2014) issues came out that Chinese companies are starting again to practice child labor. Huge and international business organisations such as Samsung and Apple were alarmed with this news. Both of the companies are investing in China and are doing business with Chinese businessmen. They do not want their companies to link into these negative issues as these might affect the image of their firms. Samsung, one of the biggest electronic manufacturing in China released its stand about the issues (Samsung Finds China 2014). The management of Samsung strongly stated that they will not tolerate such unlawful acts. The undying child labor cases in China captured the attention of foreign investors as well as with the HRM practitioners. Resolving such issues will be a great challenge for them. Parents also have a significant role in deciding what they wanted their children to become in the future and how they wanted their children to live their lives. Hence, the main thrust of this paper is to identify the perceptions of parents and foreign businessmen on the child labor in China. Through the years, China had been very successful towards becoming one of the major players in the global economy. However, Lepillez (2015) in her article stated that along with the bright economic triumph of China is the dark negative side of it which is the forced labor of men and women, as well as children. Morley (2015) stated that due to the increasing demand for manpower and labor in China, labor violations among all workers including minors had been exacerbated. In other words, in other words, in order for China to stay competitive and to maintain its economic triumph, it needs to have a huge and strong labor force. This might be probably one of the major

History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists Essay

History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists - Essay Example History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists Financial depressions always lead to economic deteriorations associated with collapse of several sectors of developments. Any leader who uses his government position to revert such financial depressions is termed an internationalist. There are a number of people termed internationalists in the world. However, some of the good examples of internationalists include Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt who were all the United States of America’s Presidents. It is important to note that although Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt were all internationalists with the goal of increasing the US role in the world, they sought to achieve this in different ways. This paper is going to support this generalization by examining the different ways in which each of the presidents worked to increase the United States influence and powers abroad. Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most cherished internationalists. Theodore was an American president from the period of 1901 to 1909 and had several achievements during his tenure. Roosevelt was a visionary leader, a pragmatic leader as well as a true democrat who understood the plights of humanity in various measures. This president was a reformer but not a revolutionist (Oakes et al, 631, paragraph 1-5). He strongly believed in values of democracy, efficiency as well as social justice to all people worldwide.

The role of religion in health promotion from a sociological point Essay

The role of religion in health promotion from a sociological point - Essay Example The World Health Organisation (WHO, 1947) defines health as â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (Edlin, et al, 2000). This paper proposes to identify the benefits and factors relating to religion in the socialization of individuals, the development of social networks, and opportunities to enhance the health of various populations within the United States. The holistic view of health acknowledges the inter-relatedness of the spiritual, physical, psychological, emotional, social, and environmental factors that contribute to the overall quality of a person’s life. (Edlin, et al, 2000). Socialization may be defined as the process by which an individual learns the ways of a given society or social group so that he can function within it. The socialization process occurs through social relationships, hence it is a function of social interaction (Elkin, 1960). Through the mechanisms of religion: church attendance, participation, etc, socialization takes place. A principle of theosomatic medicine, as stated by Levin (2001) is that â€Å"regular religious fellowship benefits health by offering support that buffers the effects of stress and isolation†. Thus it is observed that by developing social contacts through the church or other religious organisation, the individual is able to come out of his isolation and get socialized into the religious group. Becoming a part of a group gives them a sense of belonging and security which has positive health outcomes. From a study conducted by Berkman and Syme (1979), for people between sixty and sixty-nine years of age, the relative risk of dying over the next nine years was 1.8 times greater for the most isolated men than the risk for the most connected men. For women in this age group, those with the least connections had three times greater risk than those with the most connections.. Surveys and research on Americans’ religious practices

Product Lunch Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product Lunch Presentation - Essay Example However, these advancements had their equal share of success and failure. They were also associated with severe criticism; criticism which resulted from fatal or minor errors committed by practitioners, which have proven to be detrimental to a patient’s life. In addition to that, the scope of these advancements was only limited to carrying out basic medical procedures and even after that they came at a great cost. This deficiency in the field of medical practices combined with the desire of human being to have a healthy and convenient lifestyle influenced researchers and scientists all over the world to come up with an innovative idea. That is when the concept of robotics was introduced into health care system all over the world just like it is used in the field of construction, manufacturing and information technology. Robotics in health care system also witnessed a rapid advancement since the time of its inception. But there were disadvantages associated with this technology that came in the form of huge size, high cost of production and maintenance. Thus the idea of making it portable and cost effective came into limelight and thus efforts were fostered in to achieving this goal. Till now various portable health robots have been developed which can perform basic level medical procedures but some disadvantages associated with them are that they are not user friendly and that their functionality is limited to a certain extent. This is where a new innovation called â€Å"MY HEALTHY ROBOT† developed by me/my company fits into the health care system thereby addressing the deficiencies noted in this line of operation. MY HEALTHY ROBOT – WHAT IS IT? â€Å"My healthy robot† is a user friendly portable health care device which provides an in depth analysis of a client’s health thereby giving easy to read description of the client’s health status as output. Since the output can be easily analyzed by anybody, hence it disqualif ies the need for visiting a doctor to get the results analyzed. It is an advanced device which provides the client with a painless procedure (no needle method) to examine blood sugar level. This process is called the â€Å"Swab Saliva Process† which would only require the client to swab saliva and stick it inside the device and wait for a few minutes and thereafter the robot will dispense the health report. This will offer the client with a convenient method of examining his blood without having to wait for countless of hours in the doctor’s chamber and that too in empty stomach. It displays accurate results within a span of few minutes and hence it is less time consuming. The product also has an additional feature called the â€Å"My baby mode† which will be helpful for pregnant women or anyone taking care of a baby. â€Å"MY HEALTHY ROBOT – PRICING OPTION & FACILITIES† According to Allen & Dare (2004), price of a product or service is a critical factor which attracts and engages customers with the attribute of the product or service. Similar theory has been explained by Anderson & Simester (2003). Product price in general can influence the purchasing decision of a customer (Bizer & Petty, 2002; Coulter, 2001). It can be explained by the fact that buying the product will depend upon the purchasing power of the customer. In light of these theories, efforts have been made to keep the price of the product at an appropriate level in order make the product available to

How service delivery can be improved through better project management Case Study

How service delivery can be improved through better project management - Case Study Example The major facet of the new market trend is that it offers wide ranges of products and services to customers. Since customers get the opportunity to choose from different marketers’ products, in addition to product quality they give emphasis on the efficacy of service delivery. Service delivery system has a considerable significance in South Africa. This paper will focus on effectiveness of South African construction management and consultancy services. What is service delivery? Modern business houses have developed a distinct team called project management team in order to improve various activities associated with service delivery. The efficacy of service delivery can be enhanced through the better project management strategies initiated by such a professional team. Better project management provides improved methodologies and tools for service delivery thereby beneficially accelerating the service delivery (Professional service delivery). The persons involved in project mana gement collect information regarding customers’ necessities or product demand in the market; and try to manage the project effectively to improve the service delivery as a whole. This system has greatly developed in South Africa; the following part illustrates different service delivery activities and their importance in South Africa. ... The customer interaction initiated by the project management team must make good relationship with customers. Many of the market researchers opine that good customer relationship would play a vital role in the overall success of project management and thereby the effectiveness of service delivery. Therefore, as Mehta (n.d.) points out, communication skill and good customer relationship are the basic qualities that a project manager must possess. Through project management, the available resources can be used effectively by team members sharing their knowledge and innovative ideas (Project management course). Market trends are changing everyday and hence service delivery system must par with the latest trends so as to vie with the competitors. The active involvement of project management in market research and demand forecasting activities can add to the updation of service delivery trends. This accessibility of project management team to the current information enables them to identi fy the existing problems and demands of the customers. The collected data should be efficiently processed in order to get meaningful information. After the analysis of the processed data and decision formulation, there are large numbers of phases ranging from planning phase to implementation phase. In each of these phases, the project management has an inevitable role to play. Once a change is implemented, it is necessary to assess it acceptance among the customers (How good are your change management skills?). Since the project management team has a direct contact with market and customers, it is very easy to evaluate the effects of the implemented changes. If the market survey indicates that